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The diagram shows the evolution of a copper surface from metal through OH adsorption to Cu2O and Cu(OH). Modulating the voltage enables the X-ray to reveal the surface chemistry as the reaction occurs.

Accessing Dynamic Electrochemical Interfaces

A new technique reveals ultrafast processes in electrode-electrolyte interfaces under operating conditions.

Illustration of an eye with the chemical structure for rhodopsin molecules in front of it

Unveiling the Molecular Mechanism of Vision Using Ultrafast X-ray Pulses

How visual rhodopsin responds to light in one of nature’s fastest reactions. 

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