Science Highlights | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)

Composite of geopotential heights [m] (contours) and anomalies (colors) at 700 Hectopascal (hPa) of air pressure for each SOM node. These nodes help unpack how high- and low-pressure systems and other climate factors contribute to Texas rainstorms.

High-Pressure Systems Favor Sea-Breeze Convection Over Southeastern Texas

AI reveals relationships between weather systems and cloud physics.

The Model for Prediction Across Scales framework uses unstructured Voronoi tessellation meshes for sea ice dynamics. This approach captures sea ice in greater complexity than other methods and allows researchers to focus on specific regions of interest.

Beyond Ice Cubes: Researchers Bring Complex Shapes to Sea-Ice Dynamics Models

Voronoi tessellation meshes focus on sea ice areas of interest and reduce computer resource needs.

The modified Majorana module in the assembly glovebox with germanium detector crystals and tantalum samples installed.

Searching for the Decay of Nature’s Rarest Isotope: Tantalum-180m

The first results from the MAJORANA experiment dramatically improve current limits on this rare isotope’s decay.

A proton’s valence quarks (blue, red, and green), quark-antiquark pairs, and gluons (springs). Scalar gluon activity (pink) extends beyond the electric charge radius (orange) that surrounds the gluonic energy core (yellow).

Scientists Locate the Missing Mass Inside the Proton

Nuclear physicists have found the location of matter inside the proton that comes from the strong force - a fundamental force that holds protons together.

Electrons emitted in radioactive beta decay in a magnetic field create radio waves or microwaves, which are then picked up by antennas to learn about the decay process and the particles they produce.

Physicists Remotely Sense Radioactive Decay to Probe Fundamental Forces and Particles

The Project 8 and He6-CRES collaborations use a new technique to set an upper limit on neutrino mass and prepare to test the nature of the weak force.

A novel method improves the accuracy of the CRISPR Cas9 gene editing tool scientists use to modify microbes for renewable fuels and chemicals production. It draws on quantum chemistry, artificial intelligence, and synthetic biology.

How the Quantum World Can Help Scientists Engineer Biology

Improving genome engineering with quantum biology and artificial intelligence.

High-Throughput Chromosome Conformation Capture technology allowed scientists to detect bacteriophage-host infection networks and how they varied between dry and wet soil.

Researchers Directly Detect Interactions Between Viruses and their Bacterial Hosts in Soils

The first application of High-Throughput Chromosome Conformation Capture (Hi-C) Metagenome Sequencing to soil captures phage-host interactions at the time of sampling.

Surprising Strategies: Scientists Quantify the Activity of Algal-Associated Bacteria at the Microscale

High resolution isotope analysis of the algal microbiome identifies ecological strategies not predicted by genome content.

A representation of the machine learning approach used to classify sulfur-38 nuclei (38S) from all other nuclei created in a complex nuclear reaction (left) and the resulting ability to gain knowledge of the unique sulfur-38 quantum “fingerprint” (right).

Machine Learning Techniques Enhance the Discovery of Excited Nuclear Levels in Sulfur-38

Forefront nuclear physics capabilities and machine-learning data analyses combine to generate new information on quantum energy levels in sulfur-38.

Using light from the edge of a plasma in a tokamak (interior view at left), a Physics Informed Neural Network reconstructs the turbulent fluctuations in plasma density and temperature and the distribution of a probing helium gas puff (right).

Bridging Theory and Fusion Experiments through Physics-Informed Deep Learning

Neural networks guided by physics are creating new ways to observe the complexities of plasmas.

Opening the Magnetic Bottle of a Tokamak Causes Particles to Rush Inward

Perturbing the edge magnetic field of a tokamak produces a counterintuitive response: particles entering the confined region rather than escaping it.

Unlocking the Secrets of the Universe through Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

Scientists investigate neutrinoless double beta decay through neutrino mass and the nuclear structure of germanium-76.