Science Highlights | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)

Picture of newly-devised frequency comb.

Toward Powerful and Compact Terahertz Spectrometers

A new, dime-sized light source will lead to novel spectrometers for the next generation of scientific discoveries.

Shape memory alloys are used in coronary stents that expand in arteries to hold vessels open.

Reliable Alloy that Refuses to Forget, Repeatedly

Low-fatigue material remembers its shape, despite being transformed over 10 million times, could upgrade solar devices.

The benchmark catalyst Fe(CO)5 is irradiated with ultraviolet light, causing it to lose one of its five carbon monoxide groups.

Scientists Track Ultrafast Formation of Catalyst with X-ray Laser

First-of-its-kind measurements provide insights on reactions that could one day turn sunlight and water into fuels.

A Super Uranyl-binding Protein with high affinity and selectivity could be used to mine uranium from seawater in the future.

Skimming Uranium from the Sea

Using computational methods, scientists tailor and adapt proteins to mine uranium from seawater.

Understanding the conditions and pathways that position populations of isolated ions and shared proton species as they react in water allows scientists to better understand the chemistry of concentrated hydrogen chloride solutions, which has implications in chemical processes ranging from refining oil to building longer-lasting batteries

Keeping the Ions Close: A New Activity

Study changes perception on how acids behave in water.

Scientists reported the first direct detection of a hydroperoxyalkyl radical—a class of reactive molecules denoted “QOOH”—that are key intermediates in combustion and atmospheric chemistry.

Combustion’s Mysterious “QOOH” Radicals Exposed

Direct measurement of an elusive but critical combustion molecule leads to more accurate models of ignition chemistry.

When gaseous carbon dioxide (center) is dissolved in water, its water-fearing or hydrophobic nature creates a cylindrical cavity in the liquid, setting the stage for the proton transfer reactions that produce carbonic acid

The Importance of Hydration

Spectroscopy combined with theory and computation determines the interaction between carbon dioxide and water.

The matrix-free ionization platform consists of an array of silicon nanoposts.

One in a Million: Analyzing Metabolites in a Single Cell

Commercialized nanopost array platform reveals metabolic changes in individual cells due to environmental stress.

Fan-cooled heat sink on a microprocessor.

Hundred-Fold Improvement in Temperature Mapping Reveals the Stresses Inside Tiny Transistors

New nanoscale thermal imaging technique shows heat building up inside microprocessors, providing new information to help solve heat-related performance issues.

Formation of large-scale 3D binary crystals with predictable lattice symmetry, as determined by the cubic geometry and DNA-encoded interactions between cubes and spheres (scale bar: 500nm)

Nanoscale Building Blocks and DNA “Glue” Help Shape 3D Architectures

New approach to design and assemble tiny composite materials could advance energy storage.

To help identify routes to mitigate toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and soot formation from combustion engines, scientists identified the full list of products in a key reaction between phenyl radicals and oxygen.

Up in Flames: Phenyl Oxidation Product Distribution

Researchers determine the reaction pathway to how soot and other toxic components form in combustion systems.

The top figure shows the energy/time distribution of the twin bunches measured with an X-band transverse deflector.

Two-color X-rays Give Scientists 3-D View of the Unknown

Pairs of precisely tuned X-ray pulses uncover ultrafast processes and previously unmapped structures.